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''En chamade'' (French: "to sound a parley") refers to powerfully voiced reed stops in a pipe organ that have been mounted horizontally, rather than vertically, in the front of the organ case, projecting out into the church or concert hall. They produce a commanding, loud trumpet-like tone, used for fanfares and solos. It is known as Fan Trumpet, Horizontal Trumpet, and Trompette à Chamade. Any stop mounted ''en chamade'' will be much louder than a stop elsewhere in the organ, even though in church organs the stops may stand on the same windpressure. In theatre and concert organs, ''en chamade'' stops often stand on higher windpressure than the other stops, to sound even more powerful and commanding. ==History== First seen in Iberian and Mexican organs of the early eighteenth century, it came in many forms to create choruses in divided registers: the ''Trompeta de Batalla'' (8′), ''Bajoncillo'' (4′), ''Bajo'' (16′), ''Violeta'' (2′), ''Trompeta Magna'' (16′), the ''Claríns'' (either 8′ or 4′, the smaller ones in conjunction with the ''trompetas''). Unlike the modern chamade trumpet, these all stood on pressures of compared to anywhere from . Often confused with these, are the ''Trompeta Reales'', or ''Trombeta Reales'', which were always located inside of the case.〔Neobaroque organ builders such as Schlicker made an ''En Chamade'' stop by this name〕 Another example, first referred to as a ''trompette 'en chamade is located in an organ built in Provence in 1772. The term was popularized by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll in his organs of the nineteenth century. In modern organs, chamade stops are most often found at 8' and 4' as ''Trompette en Chamade'' and ''Clairon en Chamade'' respectively, with some examples at 16', and even rare instances at 5 1/3' (both the organ of St.Martin, Dudelange (Luxembourg) and the organ of Stiftsbasilika Waldsassen (Germany) have chamades at 16', 8', 5 1/3', and 4'). 'Chamade' is rarely used as a stop name by itself. ''Chamade'' was a trumpet call designed to be heard across the battlefield in the enemy camp, just before a charge. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「En chamade」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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